Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock in order to provide facilities the human beings. In the rise of the sedentary human lifestyle agriculture was the key development. The cultivation of plant and food grains began years ago in order to provide food to the city population. Agriculture is the main need for the people to live in the society. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood; it provides a source for the people to earn. Most of the population in the rural areas is dependent on agriculture as their main source of income.

The development of agriculture enables human civilization to grow rapidly. This agriculture that was started by hunting and gathering has now reached the stage of cultivation and industrial form of agriculture also.

The major agricultural products are broadly grouped into foods, fibres, fuels, and raw materials. Over one-third of the world’s workers are employed in agriculture and after that to the service sector.

Commercial farming is when farmers grow crops or rear animals for economic activity. Commercial farming needs to be practised on a large scale with more efficiency. The goal of the farmer is to earn profits from farming, hence the production and area of production need to be on a larger scale.

Due to the large production in commercial farming and despite its major benefits, it is a bit worrisome as it includes lots of fertilisers, pesticides, weed killers, and other sorts of chemicals.

Primitive farming or also known as simple subsistence farming (farming for the farm-family only) is the oldest form of agriculture and is still prevalent in some areas of the world. Primitive farming enabled people to take a step further on the economic ladder by learning the art of domesticating plants.

The Indian government has introduced a number of agricultural reforms in recent years, with the aim of making the agricultural sector more competitive and efficient. These reforms are expected to have a positive impact on agriculture in India, by increasing production, reducing prices, and improving the lives of farmers.

Concept of agricultural reforms in India

Agricultural reforms in India are changes made to the agricultural sector of the Indian economy. These reforms have been implemented over the years in an attempt to improve productivity, efficiency, and market access. They have also been aimed at addressing social and environmental concerns.

Some of the main agricultural reforms that have been implemented in India include:

Land reforms: These reforms aim to change the way land is owned and used in India. They have included redistributing land from large landowners to small farmers, and they have also included changing the rules about who can own land.

Market reforms: These reforms aim to make agricultural markets in India more efficient. They have included removing price controls, and they have also included opening up agricultural markets to foreign competition.

Technological reforms: These reforms aim to introduce new technologies to the agricultural sector in India. They have included the development of new seeds, fertilizers, or pesticides, and they have also included the adoption of new farming practices.

Institutional reforms: These reforms aim to improve the way that agricultural policies are made and implemented in India. They have included strengthening the role of agricultural research and extension services, and they have also included improving the governance of agricultural markets.

Agriculture and its Importance in India: Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. It is one of the oldest and most important industries in the world. In India, agriculture is a major source of livelihood for about 58% of the population and contributes to about 17-18% of the country’s GDP.